2D nanomaterial aerogels integrated with phase change materials: a comprehensive review

Aerogels of 2D nanomaterials are considered ideal platforms for encapsulating phase change materials (PCMs) due to their unique properties, including their light weight, high porosity, large specific surface area, adjustable thermal/electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, which allows for rationalizing phase transformation behaviors. The combination of these versatile aerogels and PCMs is a significant milestone in pioneering advanced composite PCMs, where multifunctionality and low cost are of utmost importance. This review provides a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art advances in 2D nanomaterial-based aerogel fabrication, including drying approaches and pre-treatment methods, as well as their potential uses in composite PCMs. It also highlights the versatile roles of different aerogels in composite PCMs and the relationships between their inherent characteristics and functionalities. This review mainly aims to increase interest in interdisciplinary research and provide guidance for the rational design of advanced multifunctional 2D aerogel-based composite PCMs, thus facilitating significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications.