The effect of smoking status on inguinal hernia repair outcomes: An ACHQC analysis

Background Smoking has been shown to negatively affect surgical outcomes, so smoking cessation prior to elective operations is often recommended. However, the effects of smoking status on inguinal hernia repair outcomes have not been extensively studied. Hence, we investigated the association between smoking status and short-term adverse outcomes following inguinal hernia repair. Methods Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative database was queried for elective, clean inguinal hernia repairs, excluding those with concomitant procedures or where length of stay > 30 days. The resulting cohort was divided into three groups: current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Baseline patient, hernia, operative characteristics, and 30-day outcomes were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between smoking status and overall and wound complications. Results 19,866 inguinal hernia repairs were included (current smokers = 2239, former smokers = 4064 and never smokers = 13,563). Current smokers and former smokers, compared to never smokers, had slightly higher unadjusted rates of overall complication rates (9% and 9% versus 7%, p = 0.003) and surgical site occurrences/infection (6% and 6% versus 4%, p < 0.001). However, on multivariable analysis, compared to current smokers, neither the rates of overall complications nor surgical site occurrences were significantly different in former smokers ( OR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.76, 1.13] and OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.73, 1.17]) and never smokers ( OR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.83, 1.18] and OR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.70,1.06]) respectively. Conclusions Smoking status is not associated with short-term adverse outcomes following inguinal hernia repair. Mandating smoking cessation does not appear necessary to prevent short-term adverse outcomes. Graphical abstract