Bioactivities of Kenaf Biomass Extracts: A Review

Kenaf or Hibiscus cannabinus is an annual herbaceous crop that grows well in temperate regions with high rainfall and abundant solar radiation. This Malvaceae member is famously known for its high-quality fibre that is directly retrieved from its dried stem materials and is useful in various industries, mainly in paper and pulp, bio-composite, textiles and manufacturing. With recent discoveries, kenaf can now be regarded as a multipurpose crop as its usage has been extended beyond its traditional applications, which include applications within the medicinal, pharmaceutical and food industries since its extracts possess several bioactivities that include anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antithrombotic abilities along with many more. The plant's versatile applications and pharmaceutical activities come from its different plant parts such as its leaves, seeds, flowers and stems. This demonstrates that kenaf can also be safely regarded as a zero-waste crop, which is crucial for the sustainable development of any kenaf-based medicinal or therapeutic compounds. However, the biological properties of kenaf are still not known by many as industries mainly focus on the direct application of its fibre material. If this trend continues, the true potential of kenaf could be halted and undermined. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a concise overview of kenaf's bioactivities that will hopefully provide better knowledge and understanding about this overlooked crop. This paper reviews the latest findings on kenaf's bioactivities from its extracts that are retrieved from either its seeds, leaves, flowers or stems and provides additional information about its current status in Malaysia.