Entropy generation on MHD Casson and Williamson hybrid nanofluid over a curved stretching sheet with the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model: semi-analytical and numerical simulations

This study demonstrates the results of a non-Newtonian comparative analysis of entropy generation on the MHD flow of a permeable curved stretching sheet with thermal radiation using the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. Mathematical modelling of hybrid nanofluid flow containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) as nanoparticles and blood as a base liquid through a curved stretching sheet has been investigated, which has vital application in the field of drug delivery. The controlling non-linear coupled PDEs are transformed into ODEs with similarity variables and then solved using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and shooting technique (Runge Kutta fourth order). The velocity, temperature, entropy production, and Bejan number on various physical parameters like curvature, magnetic field, thermal relaxation, mixed convection, and thermal radiation parameters are discussed and explored through graphs. The heat transfer and skin friction coefficients are also studied and portrayed via graphs. The velocity profile decreases for Casson and Williamson fluids, as the magnetic field parameter and porosity parameters are increased. When the thermal relaxation parameter increases, the temperature profile decreases. The impact of the Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle in volume fraction and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in volume fraction enhanced the temperature profile for Casson and Williamson fluids.