IncepTCN: A new deep temporal convolutional network combined with dictionary learning for strong cultural noise elimination of controlled-source electromagnetic data

When the controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data are contaminated by intense cultural noise and the signal-to-noise ra-tio (S/N) is lower than 0 dB, the existing denoising methods can hardly achieve good results. To overcome the problem, a new strong-noise elimination method called inception-temporal convo-lutional network-shift-invariant sparse coding (IncepTCN-SISC) is developed based on deep learning and dictionary learning. First, a novel deep neural network model called IncepTCN is created based on the inception block and temporal convolutional network (TCN). Then, IncepTCN is used to recognize strong-noise seg-ments in the observed signal, which are then discarded. Finally, a dictionary-learning method based on shift-invariant convolu-tional coding is used to denoise the remaining weak-noise segments. A series of simulated and field data experiments indicate that the new proposed IncepTCN network has obvious advantages in accuracy and efficiency compared with alternative methods. The average recognition accuracy of IncepTCN is 96.5%, which is 25.5%, 3.2%, 1.1%, and 2.0% higher than that of the fuzzy C-means clustering, convolutional neural network (CNN), residual network (ResNet), and the nonimproved TCN, respectively. In addition, the test results of unfamiliar data indicate that the generalization ability of IncepTCN is significantly better than the CNN, ResNet, and nonimproved TCN. This IncepTCN-SISC method can improve the S/N of CSEM data from -5.0 dB to 3.1 dB or from 5.0 dB to 31.9 dB and solve the denoising problem of noisy data below 0 dB to a certain extent. After IncepTCN-SISC processing, the initially distorted apparent resistivity curves become smooth, and the result is better than dictionary learning. This method is intelligent without any manual intervention and is suitable for batch processing of CSEM data.