Recent Advancements in Agricultural Residue Valorisation into Bio-Products

Traditional and local agriculture relied on circular sustainability models; however, contemporary agriculture presently generates tonnes of garbage that are piled up in landfills and have unfavourable effects rather than being reintroduced into the production chain for a future use. However, these agricultural waste products are a rich source of bioactive substances. One of the main goals of both industrialised and developing nations is waste recycling. The biorefineries stand out as the most ideal business platform to create the essential chemical changes in relation to lignin valorisation and the circular economy. Further, the generation of effective products from such wastes has led to the development of novel technologies. Nanobiotechnology is an important and modern tool to valorise the agricultural residues by using nanoparticles to produce a value-added product. Also, nanomaterials can be generated using agro residues (cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), rice husk-derived Si nanomaterials). This chapter discusses the potential sources of biomass for valorisation into different bio-commodities ranging from fuel to biopolymer application. Also, this chapter deals with the advancements in the valorisation process in terms of nanotechnology along with the challenges and future prospects.