Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the stress response in cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) subjected to drought-stress

Background Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the valuable oilseed crops grown in drought-prone areas worldwide. Drought severely limits peanut production and productivity significantly. Method and results In order to decipher the drought tolerance mechanism in peanut under drought stress, RNA sequencing was performed in TAG − 24 (drought tolerant genotype) and JL-24 (drought susceptible genotype). Approximately 51 million raw reads were generated from four different libraries of two genotypes subjected to drought stress exerted by 20% PEG 6000 stress and control conditions, of which ~ 41 million (80.87%) filtered reads were mapped to the Arachis hypogaea L. reference genome. The transcriptome analysis detected 1,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 186 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) and 30,199 SSR among the identified DEGs. Among the differentially expressed TF encoding genes, the highest number of genes were WRKY followed by bZIP, C2H2, and MYB during drought stress. The comparative analysis between the two genotypes revealed that TAG-24 exhibits activation of certain key genes and transcriptional factors that are involved in essential biological processes. Specifically, TAG-24 showed activation of genes involved in the plant hormone signaling pathway such as PYL9, Auxin response receptor gene, and ABA. Additionally, genes related to water deprivation such as LEA protein and those involved in combating oxidative damage such as Glutathione reductase were also found to be activated in TAG-24. Conclusion This genome-wide transcription map, therefore, provides a valuable tool for future transcript profiling under drought stress and enriches the genetic resources available for this important oilseed crop.