Anthropogenic and natural CH4 and CO2 emissions observed by a combination of passive, active, and in situ airborne measurements during the CoMet 2.0 Arctic mission in Canada 2022

<p align="justify">Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain the main concern for global climate change. To reduce and mitigate those emissions both anthropogenic and natural sources must be identified and quantified. However, high northern latitude wetland regions may also overlap with, e.g., fossil fuel extraction sites. Consequently, commonly used passive satellite sensors are often challenged to observe and disentangle those emissions due to challenging illumination conditions and their large ground scene size, respectively.</p> <p align="justify">To investigate anthropogenic and wetland GHG emissions, a team of scientists deployed a comprehensive suite of instruments aboard the German Research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research) during the CoMet 2.0 Arctic mission conducted in Canada in August and September 2022. During the campaign, passive airborne remote sensing measurements by MAMAP2D-Light (Methane airborne mapper 2D light) were combined with active airborne remote sensing measurements by CHARM-F (CH₄ Airborne Remote Monitoring &#8211; Flugzeug) and in situ GHG concentration measurements, also including an extensive suite of meteorological parameters.</p> <p align="justify">Those column and in-situ concentration observations of CH₄ and CO₂ will be used to identify and quantify emissions over a wide range of source types and scales in Canada (and Europe). This comprises single point source emissions (e.g., power plants), small areal sources such as landfills (e.g, the Valdemingomez and Pinto landfills in Madrid) and opencast coal mines, and extensive oil and gas exploration sites, including oil sand areas, which might be embedded in natural wetland regions or river deltas. The imaging capabilities of the MAMAP2D-Light instrument enable precise localisation of emissions and therefore mitigation strategies in the case of, e.g., leakages. This work will summarize and present first results and emission estimates from the CoMet 2.0 Arctic mission with a focus on localised emitters observed by the airborne imaging instrument MAMAP2D-Light.</p>