Hybrid membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment

The increasing water scarcity and deteriorating effect of wastewater in water bodies have led to the introduction of stringent regulations for wastewater discharge. Due to the excellent effluent quality and reduction in the membrane cost, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has become a viable solution to treat different types of wastewater to a level of safe disposal and reusable quality. The technology has the potential to be adopted commonly in the near future as the concerns are related to the health and environment due to the disposal of wastewater effluent arising around the globe. A lot of research is being carried out on the different aspects of MBR to make it more sustainable. This chapter focuses on the modification done in the conventional MBR to make it a hybrid MBR, enhance its performance, and reduce the footprints of the technology.