Graphene quantum dots for optical application

In recent years graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained interest due to their wide range of applications in the area of photoluminescent behavior along with excellent biocompatibility. The high yield photoluminescence behavior of GQDs makes it more attractive than the graphene however, the emission from the GQDs consists of various complex processes. Preparation of GQDs is a critical process, which decides the graphene quality, electronic properties and consequent applications. Various preparation methods have been used to prepare GQDs based on the requirement, i.e., its application. The photophysical properties were investigated by spectroscopic techniques. While the functional groups and edge effects dominated the optical absorption and emission properties of GQDs, intrinsic emission was observed from the GQD solid sheets. The reported preparation methods and optical application will be discussed in detail.