Mass Disaster Victim Identification by DNA

Mass fatality incident (MFI) response is a multidisciplinary effort providing support for survivors, organizing the recovery of deceased individuals, and collecting forensic evidence needed for investigating criminal or negligent actions. Mass disasters are complex events; a preparedness plan and regular training exercises are parts of an effective response. The goal of postmortem operations is to determine the cause and manner of death, as well as the identity of the victims. DNA testing, fingerprints, and dental chart comparisons are the primary identification modalities, but which method is most applicable depends on the availability of antemortem data. A family assistance center (FAC) must be established to meet with families and collect antemortem information and family reference DNA. Documentation, chain of custody, and data handling are critical components. As is explained using the example of victim identification after the 2001 World Trade Center attack, DNA becomes the only identification method for fragmented remains. For all DNA-driven victim identifications, physical anthropologists must be involved in the reconciliation process to recognize potential misidentifications caused by commingling of remains.