Development of a Helium Resonance Lidar for the Upper Thermosphere
crossref(2023)
摘要
<p>Resonance lidars targeting fluorescence lines of metallic layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere have long been used to measure profiles of wind and temperature [1], most recently achieving a maximum altitude of 300 km [2], but the rapidly decreasing densities of these metallic species prevents measurements at higher altitudes.</p> <p>An alternative, first proposed in 1997 [3], is an extension of this technique to metastable helium, which would increase the possible range of resonance lidar measurements to 1000 km or higher. Last year, for the first time, a helium resonance lidar system was realized at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in southern Germany [4]. The initial measurements by this instrument, made last year between January and March, captured the first profiles of metastable helium density, extending to an altitude of 700 km.              </p> <p>We present an overview of this lidar system; we report an update on its status, including the results of the second measurement campaign; and we discuss the potential for wind and temperature measurements given anticipated improvements to system performance.</p> <p> </p> <p>[1] Fricke, K. & von Zahn, U. (1985) Mesopause temperatures derived from probing the hyperfine structure of the D2 resonance line of sodium by lidar. <em>J. Atmos. Terrestrial Phys.</em> <strong>47</strong>, 499–512.</p> <p>[2] Jiao, J., Chu, X., Jin, H., Wang, Z., Xun, Y., Du, L., et al. (2022). First lidar profiling of meteoric Ca<sup>+</sup> ion transport from ∼80 to 300 km in the midlatitude nighttime ionosphere. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, 49, e2022GL100537. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100537</p> <p>[3] Gerrard, A. J., Kane, T. J., Meisel, D. D., Thayer, J. P. & Kerr, R. B. (1997) Investigation of a resonance lidar for measurement of thermospheric metastable helium. <em>J. Atmos. Sol. Terrestrial Phys.</em> <strong>59</strong>, 2023–2035</p> <p>[4] Kaifler, B., Geach, C., Büdenbender, H.C. <em>et al.</em> (2022) Measurements of metastable helium in Earth’s atmosphere by resonance lidar. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>13</strong>, 6042 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33751-6 </p>
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