Numerical analysis for thermal performance of magnetized radiative nanofluid with variable density

Abstract The majority of study has focused on fluid surfaces with constant surface densities and low ambient temperature differentials. Due to the greater temperature differential with radiation, the density is believed to be an exponential function of temperature. The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) acts like a coating material to protect technological devices from excessive heating. The main goal of this technique is to prevent excessive heating in high temperature systems by utilising the effects of changing density, MHD, and radiation on the heat and mass properties of nanofluid across stretched sheets. This is the first instance of a density issue with a nanofluid across a stretching surface. For a smooth algorithm and integration, the coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) of the current nanofluid mechanism are transformed into coupled nonlinear ODEs with defined stream functions and similarity variables. By using the Keller Box technique, the modified ODEs are again translated in a comparable format for numerical results. The MATLAB program is used to derive the numerical results, which are then presented in graphs and tabular form. For this phenomenon, the slopes of the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles have been plotted for various parameters. As n increases, two forces will act on the nanofluid, the first of which causes the velocity to increase due to an increase in buoyancy forces and the second of which causes the velocity to decrease due to a decrease in temperature.