Design-based education in STEM: for learners of the 21st century

This article aims to conceptualize design-based education (DBE) in STEM educational settings and provide examples of current DBE practices followed by discussing the gaps of current DBE. We define DBE as educational theory and practice that integrate and transform design processes and design thinking into learning experiences. DBE is well-aligned with the 21st century STEM education because it can enhance learner-centered pedagogy, learners' critical thinking, collaboration, interest-driven learning, and integrative STEM learning. More attention to concrete strategies for the integrative STEM education in DBE and systems of preparing educators for DBE is needed for better learning experiences.