Pd nanoparticles supported over agar-agar functionalized Fe3O4 as a biodegradable composite nanomedicine for the in-vitro anti-human oral cancer application

In recent years, magnetic bio-nanocomposites have been evolved as potential new generation materials. Consequently, we demonstrate herein a novel Pd NPs adorned agar-agar modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a novel anticancer agent (Fe3O4@agar-agar/Pd). The post-synthetically modified material was meticulously characterized through several analytical techniques, such as Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The as synthesized Fe3O4@agar-agar/Pd bio-nanocomposite was investigated for antioxidant and human anti-oral cancer assays. In such studies a number of cell lines, viz., HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 were used in determining the cytotoxicity. Notably, Fe3O4@agar-agar/Pd bio-nanocomposite exhibit significant anti-oral cancer properties against HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 cancer cell lines following time and dose-dependent manner. The corresponding IC50 values were determined as 195, 187, and 239 mg/mL respectively. DPPH radical scavenging method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Fe3O4@agar-agar/Pd bio-nanocomposite. The significant IC50 value suggested the material having very good antioxidant potential. The anti-human oral cancer effect of our material is believed to be due to its antioxidant effects. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).