Comparison of the Immediate Effect of Active Stretching Techniques and Self-myofascial Release on the Flexibility of the Iliotibial Band and Functional Activities in Semi-Elite Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The iliotibial band (ITB) is prone to shortening in sports activities. Correcting the lack of flexibility can be a factor in improving the overall biomechanics of the body and preventing future injuries. Methods: A total of 51 semi-elite athletes (age range: 20 - 40 years) with ITB shortness confirmed by the modified Ober’s test participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into three groups, including foam roller, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) active stretching, and a combination of foam roller and PNF stretching. Results: The mean of the active hip adduction range of motion (ROM), single-leg hop test, lateral hop test, and vertical jump in all three groups increased significantly after the intervention compared to before (P < 0.05). All three studied groups had similar changes over time, and no group was superior to the others. Conclusions: Using a foam roller, PNF active stretching technique, and a combination of both can improve hip ROM in patients with ITB shortness. As a result, the functional activities of athletes, including vertical jump, lateral hop, and single-leg hop, can be improved. Flexibility and ROM increased significantly in all three treatment groups. There is no priority between different interventions.