Hsp90 is a potential risk factor for ovarian cancer prognosis: an evidence of a Chinese clinical center

Background The potential treatment effects of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors in ovarian cancer (OC) are controversial. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the level of Hsp90 in peripheral blood and the prognosis of OC patients, as well as the clinicopathological indicators. Materials and methods We retrospectively collected the clinicopathological indicators of OC patients who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2017 to 2022. Hsp90 level in patient blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlation between Hsp90 level and OC prognosis was systematically investigated. Kaplan–Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and the average survival time and survival rate were calculated. The log-rank test and Cox model were used for univariate survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was applied for multivariate survival analysis. Based on the TCGA dataset of OC obtained by cBioPortal, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between Hsp90 level values and other mRNA expression values were calculated to further conduct bioinformatics analysis. GSEA and GSVA analysis were also conducted for gene functional enrichment. The expression of Hsp90 in OC tissues were evaluated and compared by Immunohistochemical staining. Results According to the established screening criteria, 106 patients were selected. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that 50.94% OC patients with abnormal Hsp90 level. According to the outcome of Kaplan–Meier curves, the results revealed that the abnormal level of Hsp90 was suggested to poor prognosis ( P = 0.001) of OC patients. Furthermore, the result of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis also predicted that abnormal Hsp90 level (HR = 2.838, 95%CI = 1.139–7.069, P = 0.025) was linked to poor prognosis, which could be an independent prognostic factor for the prognosis of OC patients. Moreover, top 100 genes screened by Pearson’s value associated with Hsp90, indicating that Hsp90 participated in the regulation of ATF5 target genes, PRAGC1A target genes and BANP target genes and also enriched in the metabolic processes of cell response to DNA damage stimulus, response to heat and protein folding. Conclusion Hsp90 level is positively associated with OC mortality and is a potential prognostic indicator of OC.