Emblems: Gestures at the interface

Emblems—the THUMBS UP, the HEADSHAKE, the PEACE SIGN, the SHHH—are communicative gestures that have a conventional form and conventional meaning within a particular community. These and other features make them more “word-like” than other gestures. It also positions them at the interface between different communicative phenomena—language and gesture, speech and sign—and between different fields. Here we provide an overview of this recurring feature of the human communicative toolkit. We first discuss the major defining features of emblems, and their points of commonality and difference with neighbouring communicative phenomena. Next, we review efforts to document emblems around the world. Our survey highlights the patchiness of global coverage, as well as strengths and limitations of approaches used to date. Finally, we consider a handful of open questions about emblems, including how they mean, how they are learned, and why they exist in the first place. Addressing these questions will require collaboration among linguists, lexicographers, anthropologists, cognitive scientists, and others. It will also deepen our understanding of human semiotic systems and how they interface with each other.