Hybridisation of Innovation Bureaucracies in the 1970s and 1980s

This chapter considers the 1970s as a global turning point in policy narrative and contexts with the emergence of a multitude of full-fledged innovation bureaucracy organisations carrying out a variety of tasks and capabilities. It highlights the role of the US National Security Strategy (NSS) as procurer and market maker that led to the weakening of mission-oriented policies and organisations and the emergence of hybrid innovation bureaucracies. It also explains hybrid innovation bureaucracies as organisational configurations that attempt to attain military missions and make domestic companies internationally competitive through public research and development (R&D) and market access. The chapter looks at important rearrangements of the NSS bureaucracy and integration of the mission- and diffusion-oriented policy logics towards the hybridisation of NSS bureaucracy. It mentions the Department of Defense (DoD) that had to explore new ways of procuring advanced technology that needed to meet commercial interests if it were to access non-traditional suppliers.