Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): Ancestry-, phenotype-, and identity-informative SNPs

This chapter summarizes the major approaches of utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forensic investigations. Ancestry-informative SNPs (aiSNPs), identity-informative SNPs (iiSNPs), phenotype-informative SNPs (piSNPs), and microhaplotypes are discussed with regard to their utility for human remains investigations. Further, this chapter explores the use of custom and commercial multiplexes for generating reliable and accurate SNP data in order to make predictions about the ancestry and physical appearance of an unknown individual.