Bioremediation Using Microalgae and Cyanobacteria and Biomass Valorisation

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that can be used to bioremediate anthropogenic pollutants from air, water and soil. These organisms can remediate several anthropogenic pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, nitrates and phosphates, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants. The biomass generated in this process can be used as a feedstock source for the production of a multitude of valuable biobased products and applications. Polymers, resins, binders, lubricants, and coatings are some of the promising examples. This chapter provides an overview of the entire process: bioremediation using microalgae and production of value-added products, based on a biorefinery concept, focusing on circular economy and sustainability. Essential aspects of legislation and regulations are also approached.