A 16 x 16 45 degrees Slant-Polarized Gapwaveguide Phased Array With 65-dBm EIRP at 28 GHz

A high equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) active phased array antenna is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems at 28 GHz. The numerical design, measurements of a fabricated prototype, and performance analysis are presented. The antenna design is based on the gapwaveguide technology and consists of 16 x 16 single 45 degrees slant-polarized elements. The proposed design uses a low complexity printed circuit board (PCB) structure with only six layers, i.e., a half of the existing wideband solutions. The array antenna incorporates up/downconverter integrated circuits (UDCs) and 1 x 4 transceiver beamformer integrated circuits (BFICs). Moreover, a compact and highly efficient transition at the end of each channel of the BFICs has been designed to interconnect the antenna elements with the PCB. The antenna's front-end loss, which includes the feed line, mismatch, and ohmic losses, is only 1.3 dB. The array covers the scanning range of +/- 60 degrees in the azimuth plane and +/- 10 degrees in the elevation plane. The S-11 < -10 dB frequency bandwidth is from 26.5 to 29.5 GHz. The maximum EIRP of the antenna is 65.5 dBm at saturation point. The presented design offers a compact, robust, and low-loss performance solution meeting the high transmission power requirements of 5G applications.