Pre-calving energy density and rumen protected lysine impacted blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in dairy cows during the transition period

Dairy cows usually face negative energy balance and disorders of normal organ function due to a mismatch between energy intake and energy demand. Negative energy balance directly affects liver function and blood metabolites because the liver is used as source of energy supply and a center of metabolic activity. This study was aimed to determine the effect of pre-calving energy density and rumen-protected lysine on blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in the dairy cows during the transition period. Forty 3 rd lactation Holstein cows going to enter their 4 th lactation were randomly allocated to one of the four dietary treatments (high energy with rumen-protected lysine ( HERPL) = 1.53NE L plus 40 g Lys, high energy without lysine (HECK) = 1.53NE L , low energy with rumen-protected lysine (LERPL) = 1.37NE L plus 40 g Lys, and low energy without lysine ( LECK) = 1.37NE L arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Blood samples were collected during the transition period, and concentrations of blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver function were measured. Interaction between pre-calving high-energy diet and rumen-protected lysine tended to increase plasma albumin, numerically increased glucose, decreased triglyceride, total bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. The result revealed that pre-calving high-energy density increased insulin, albumin and decreased blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin concentrations and substantial favor liver functions during the transition period.