Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1governs integrity of the embryonic gut epithelium to circumvent atresia development in medaka,Oryzias latipes

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal atresia (IA) is a congenital gut obstruction caused by the absence of gut opening. Genetic factors are assumed to be critical for the development of IA, in addition to accidental vascular insufficiency or mechanical strangulation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IA remains poorly understood.ResultsIn this study, to better understand such a mechanism, we isolated a mutant ofOryzias latipes(the Japanese rice fish known as medaka) generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, in which IA develops during embryogenesis. Positional cloning identified a nonsense mutation in themyosin phosphatase target subunit 1(mypt1) gene. Consistent with known Mypt1 function, the active form of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), which is essential for actomyosin contraction, and F-actin were ectopically accumulated in the intestinal epithelium of mutant embryos, whereas cell motility, proliferation and cell death were not substantially affected. Corresponding to the accumulation site of F-actin/active MRLC, the intestinal epithelium architecture was disordered. Importantly, blebbistatin, a non-muscle myosin inhibitor, attenuated the development of IA in the mutant.ConclusionsCytoskeletal contraction governed bymypt1regulates the integrity of the embryonic intestinal epithelium. This study provides new insight into our understanding of the mechanism of IA development in humans.Bullet PointsMedakamypt1mutants display intestinal atresia.The level of phosphorylated myosin regulatory light chain was higher inmypt1mutant embryos than inwild-typeembryos.The levels of F-actin appeared elevated in the intestinal epithelium ofmypt1mutants.Blebbistatin, an inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II, rescued intestinal atresia inmypt1mutant embryos.