Effects of Extreme High Temperatures on Proliferation, Cell Cycle, Cell Differentiation and ROS of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Abstract Backgrounds: Global warming has led to extreme temperatures in different latitudinal regions, resulting in the extinction of a large number of species. This study focuses on the effects of extreme high temperatures on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation and mitochondria activity in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs). Methods: hADSCs were divided into three groups and incubated in 37°C, 39°C and 40°C environment for 5 hours of exposure each day, and then to 37°C circumstances for further incubation. Cell surface markers, cell cycle, cell proliferation activity, mitochondrial activity and cell polarization were detected and analyzed by flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay, ROS and JC-1 staining respectively on the 1 st and 3 rd day of cell culture; osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability of hASCs was analyzed by staining after 21 days of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation induction culture. Results The results of this study showed that hASCs grown under high temperature conditions had restricted growth activity, blocked S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, reduced cytokinesis and impaired mitochondrial activity, while their osteogenic differentiation ability and membrane potential depolarization were enhanced. Conclusions: hADSCs were subjected to high temperature stimulation with restricted growth activity, reduced cell division, impaired mitochondrial activity, significant cell depolarization and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, and these results were closely related to the pathogenic mechanisms of skin aging and heat stroke due to outdoor sun exposure.