Immunological Characterization of the Chemically Prepared Ghosts of Salmonella Typhimurium as a Vaccine Candidate

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the immunogenic protective response of bacterial ghosts of Salmonella typhimurium in animals. Accordingly, the researchers will be able to do further clinical trials and confirm the efficiency of bacterial ghosts in human vaccination. The targets to be measured are humoral immune response: immunoglobulins elevation (IgG), cellular immune response: granulocytes increment; serum antibacterial activity; success the faeces and liver virulence challenge and High survival rates.Results: The BG vaccine was able to protect 100% of BG subcutaneously vaccinated rats and 75% of BG-adjuvant subcutaneously vaccinated rats. The lowest survival rate was in the BG orally vaccinated group (25%). The maximum level of serum IgG titers as well as serum and faeces bactericidal activity (100% eradication) was exhibited in the subcutaneously vaccinated group with BG-adjuvant followed by the BG subcutaneously vaccinated one. Additionally, the highest granulocytes’ number was observed in the BG-adjuvant subcutaneously immunized group. The bacterial load in liver homogenate eliminated in the subcutaneously vaccinated rats by BG after virulence challenge. Conclusions: The bacterial ghosts of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that prepared by tween 80 protocol showed an effective vaccine candidate that protected animals, eliminated the virulence in faeces and liver. These findings suggest that chemically induced bacterial ghosts of Salmonella typhimurium can be a promising vaccine.