Designing High-mass Loading 2D Ni-TiO₂/graphene Pellet Electrodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

High conductivity and mass transfer channels of electrode materials with high mass loadings are the fundamental requirements for achieving high-rate performance and high-volume energy density. In this study, we investigated the method of constructing high-mass loading pellet electrodes and their applications in lithium metal batteries from three different perspectives: selecting active electrode materials, designing the mass transfer porous structure, and constructing a conductive network. The three-dimensional conductive network with porous structures provides the electrolyte's mass transfer channels and convenient charge transfer paths. The resulting pellet electrode demonstrates Young's modulus of 511 MPa under 44 % porosity, achieving satisfactory rate performance under mass loadings of 37.7 mg cm(-2). After 200 cycles at the current density of 2.83 mA cm(-2), it can maintain 56 % initial capacity, and the volume expansion is only 8.04 %. This study provides reference values for exploring and preparing high-mass loading electrodes and the future design of solid-state battery electrodes.