Personal noise exposure during daily commutes and subjectively reported stress: A trip stage level analysis of MobiliSense data

Background: The auditory and non-auditory health effects of noise have long been established in the literature but previous studies have mainly been in the context of occupational risk. Recent research suggests that daily noise exposures occurring during social activities and commute may be associated with higher psychological stress. Our aim was to explore the association between modes of transportation and noise on the one hand and noise exposures and reported stress on the other hand. Although existing literature shows that noise exposure is especially high during commutes, studies on the topic have been sparse due to cost and logistic constraints; furthermore, sample sizes have been small.Methods: The present study uses data collected on the daily commutes of 253 participants of the Mobilisense cohort study between 2018 and 2020. Personal dosimeters were used to measure noise exposure by frequency bands over a period of 4 days, resulting in a sample of 7800 trip stage windows. Participants reported trip stress levels during an a posteriori phone mobility survey on a scale from 1 (no stress) to 7 (significantly stressful conditions). Modes of transportation (metro, car, walking, etc.) were collected from the same mobility survey based on Global Posi-tioning System (GPS) receivers.Results: While all transport modes resulted in higher exposure to low frequency noise compared to walking, all modes but tramway and driving or being the passenger of a car were associated with an increased exposure to high frequency noise. The LAeq noise indicator (overall noise) was associated with reported stress: for every 10 dB(A) increase in LAeq, individuals reported expe-riencing 1.118 times (95% confidence interval: 1.067, 1.172) higher levels of stress. Multiple noise indicator models did not show evidence that specific frequency components were associated with stress beyond overall noise. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that noise exposure during commutes vary according to modes of transportation. Given that noise exposure resulted in higher reported levels of stress, future research should examine transportation noise effects on physiological variables.