Bismuth-Based Oxide Photocatalysts for Selective Oxidation Transformations of Organic Compounds

Selective oxidation of organic compounds is incredibly important in the production of a broad range of important chemicals. As such, these reactions attract a great deal of research attention, particularly where conventional synthesis uses harsh and corrosive reaction conditions. To decrease energy consumption, improve yields and mitigate environmental impacts, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as a green and facile method, where its attractiveness is due to promises of providing low toxicity and low-cost routes, driven by renewable energy. Among various semiconductor photocatalysts, bismuth-based oxides are particularly promising candidates due to their high chemical and thermal stability, environmental friendliness, and good visible light responses. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of bismuth-based oxide photocatalysts as employed in selective organic synthesis, including reaction mechanisms, with a particular focus on the reactive oxygen species involved. In addition, detailed information on the bismuth-based oxide materials used as photocatalysts is covered. This includes crystal and electronic structures, strategies for improving photocatalytic performance, and a comparison of photocatalytic performances for key organic reactions. Furthermore, prospects and challenges of bismuth-based oxide photocatalysts in selective organic synthesis are discussed, to aid future developments of efficient photocatalytic materials.