Effectiveness of information and communication technology(ICT) for addictive behaviors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: In recent years, there have been many studies evaluating the effects of ICT-based interventions for addictive behaviors. However, as one kind of complex intervention, a systematic evaluation of the validity of dimensions across hierarchical levels is lacking. Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize findings from systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of ICT-based interventions for addictive behaviors. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched. All included systematic reviews were checked for quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool. We categorized and summarized the findings based on the type of addictive behaviors, types of interventions, and effects. Results: Forty-eight reviews were included. Interventions were identified and classified into four categories: interventions based on theories; multicomponent interventions; internet interventions (unclassified) and standalone mobile phone-based interventions. Internet interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reduce obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and alcohol consumption. Telephone counseling and text message intervention support improve smoking cessation. Conclusions: Internet intervention based on CBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms and alcohol consumption. Telephone counseling and text message intervention have a positive impact in reducing smoking cessation rates. ICT-based interventions targeting other addictive behaviors remain under-examined, warranting considerable additional research to assess their effectiveness.