Design and Optimization of Photonic Crystal Based All-Optical Logic Gate with Enhanced Contrast Ratio

An ultra-compact all-optical AND logic gate is realized using two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides. These circuits are implemented on a photonic crystal substrate in an effort to develop energy-efficient, simple, and compact devices appropriate for photonic integrated circuits. The suggested device operates on the beam interference principle, which is feasible for operation at 1550 nm wavelength. Performance of the proposed device is analyzed by evaluating the several key parameters, including contrast ratio, transmission ratio, response time and bit rate using simulations employing the finite-difference-time-domain approach on Opti-FDTD software. The designs are purely silicon-based, which simplifies manufacturing and offers simple compatibility with both current opto-electronic systems and upcoming all-optical systems. Compared to traditional semiconductor optical amplifiers, quantum dots, and photonic crystal ring resonators, the suggested technology has a higher contrast ratio of 40.08 dB, less response time of 23.45 fs and higher bit rate of 42.64 Tbps at a wavelength of 1550 nm.