Effect of magnesium oxide in multiphase additive on the formation process and morphology of -Si₃N₄ whisker

beta-Si3N4 whiskers were synthesized by using a moderately low-temperature heat-treatment process, with the aid of a low weight fraction of multiple aids (Y2O3-MgO). The synthesis conditions and aspect ratio of the whiskers were adjusted by changing the MgO content in the composite additive system, heat treatment temperature and holding time. The phase composition and morphology of the whiskers were analyzed by XRD and SEM, respectively. The phase transformation could be completed at 1700 degrees C by introducing only 0.5 wt% MgO. The heat-treated temperature was successfully further reduced to 1650 degrees C by extending the holding time to 5 h. The introduction of MgO can make the whiskers form rapidly at a lower temperature. By introducing a small amount of MgO and appropriately extending the holding time at a lower treatment temperature has been proved to be an effective method to obtain beta-Si3N4 whiskers with higher aspect ratio under mild conditions.