Monetary and symbolic rewards: do they matter for fostering co-commissioning and co-delivery of public services?

Using a between-subject online survey experiment conducted in Italy, this article investigates the impact of monetary and symbolic rewards on the willingness of citizens to co-deliver and co-commission public services, and the extent to which service salience moderates this relationship. The results show that both monetary and symbolic rewards have a positive impact on co-commissioning, but no significant effects on co-delivery. Moreover, service salience positively moderates the relationship between rewards and co-commissioning. The results suggest that public managers should select rewards in light of the specific coproduction activities and people's perceptions of service salience.