Effects of seawater temperature and irradiance on the growth of sporelings of Amphiroa cf. zonata and Corallina berteroi (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in Japan

Geniculate coralline algae in temperate waters form dense, carpet-like turfs and are prevalent in intertidal rocky habitats or as understory beneath canopy-forming seaweeds in shallow subtidal zones. Using laboratory cultures, we determined the optimum and vital growth conditions for sporelings of two geniculate species, Amphiroa cf. zonata and Corallina berteroi, which are dominant in temperate waters around Japan. Samples were genetically identified as matching those two species as known from the coasts of Japan and worldwide, respectively. The optimum water temperature range and the upper critical water temperatures for sporeling growth were similar for the two coralline species. The optimum growth temperatures of A. cf. zonata (25-30 degrees C) and C. berteroi (20-25 degrees C) were comparable to those for temperate seaweeds commonly found in the same temperate region of Japan as the study sites. However, the upper critical temperatures for growth (33 degrees C in A. cf. zonata and 32 degrees C in C. berteroi) were higher than what is known for temperate kelps, though similar to those for other macroalgae. Amphiroa cf. zonata in the upper subtidal zone exhibited photoinhibition in conditions of less than 400 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1), whereas C. berteroi in the intertidal zone did not show such photoinhibition. The difference in irradiance effects upon growth was inferred to be related to the species distributions in their local environments of the coastal zone.