Prevalence of opioid and nonopioid pain management therapies among Medicare beneficiaries with musculoskeletal pain conditions from 2016 to 2019

•From 2016–2019, the receipt and intensity physical therapy use increased slightly.•There were substantively no changes in chiropractic care or gabapentin receipt.•We found consistent reductions in opioid receipt, dose and long-term opioid use.•Physical therapy and chiropractic care use were much lower than opioid receipt.•Receipt of nonpharmacologic pain therapies was infrequent among people with OUD.