Genes versus lifestyles: Exploring beliefs about the determinants of cognitive ageing

Objectives: Genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to cognitive ageing. This study explored people’s beliefs about determinants of cognitive ageing and whether those beliefs were associated with engagement in potentially beneficial behaviours.Methods: Data were collected through a UK-wide survey of people aged 40 and over. Responses from 3,130 individuals (94.0% of the survey sample) were analysed using chi-square tests of independence, principal component analysis and ANCOVAs.Results: Most respondents (62.2%) believed genes and lifestyle contribute equally to age-related changes in cognitive skills. Respondents who believed genetic factors were more influential were less likely to expect cognitive skills might be improved or maintained with age, less sure what behaviours might be associated with brain health, and less likely to engage in behaviours comprising mental challenge/novelty supported as beneficial for brain health.Conclusion: Our results indicate a need for clearer messaging highlighting the role of lifestyle factors for brain health.