A High-Fish Oil Diet Can Significantly Reshape The Gut Microbiota In Mice

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota plays an essential role for human health and recent evidence has revealed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplements on the gut microbiota. The present study was to investigate the influence of fish oil on diet-based gut microbiota changes and colitis in mice and whether pyroptosis plays a role in this process.Results: A high-fish oil diet alleviated colitis, resulted in less weight loss and improved pathological scores. Caspase-1, activated in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) group, was suppressed by a high-fish oil diet. AIN-93M significantly decreased the gut microbial diversity of mice, increasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Odoribacter. In contrast, gut microbial diversity was maintained in mice fed a high-fish oil diet; the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased, and that the abundance of Odoribacter was decreased.Conclusion: AIN-93M can decrease gut microbiota diversity, which may be associated with a potential proinflammatory effect. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects. It can also restore and maintain microbial diversity and suppress pyroptosis activation.