Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Approach to Control of Comorbidities Among Hospitalized Patients: Evidence From A 4-Year Longitudinal Study in China

Abstract Background: The disease burden of comorbidity is growing steadily in many developing countries, affecting residents' physical and mental health. General Practitioners are considered as the suitable service providers for the prevention and control of comorbidity. However, the current knowledge on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of comorbidity among inpatients in the general practice departments of hospital is limited, which hinders the precise promotion of the service capacity and quality of GPs. Objective: The current study aimed to analyze the clinical prevalence of comorbidities in central China and to provide evidence-based policy recommendations for quality improvement in general medical services. Methods: The study was conducted at the general practice departments of all 27 tertiary grade-A hospitals of Henan Province, China. 3 registered GPs of each hospital were selected by random, and all direct admissions of the 81 GPs from December 2016 to November 2020 were followed up. The clinical epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of comorbidity were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression models. Results: Comorbidity was present in 93.1 percent of the 2385 direct admitted patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 1. Comorbidity was significantly more prevalent in patients aged 45-59 years (OR=3.018, 95% CI=1.945-4.683), 60-74 years (OR=4.349, 95% CI=2.574-7.349), ≥75 years (OR=7.804, 95% CI=3.665-16.616), and those with body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 (OR=3.770, 95% CI =1.453-9.785). The circulatory system is the most commonly involved human body system in comorbidity, accounting for 79% of all cases. The endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic systems, as well as the digestive and respiratory systems, were all significantly affected, with prevalence rates of 62 percent, 48 percent, and 37 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Comorbidity is common among the inpatients attending the provincial tertiary grade-A hospitals. Since old age and obesity are independent risk factors for comorbidity, healthy lifestyle interventions should be strengthened, as should the implementation of the patient-centered prevention and control model. Meanwhile, quality improvement priorities should be given to improving GPs' clinical diagnosis and treatment of the circulatory system, endocrine system, metabolic system, digestive system, and respiratory system.