An ELISA system for tetanus toxoid potency tests: An alternative to lethal challenge

Masaaki Iwaki,Tsuyoshi Kenri,Mitsutoshi Senoh

Biologicals（2023）

Cited 0|Views6

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Abstract

For a long time, a widely used method for tetanus toxoid (Ttd) potency has been the challenge test, in which animals are immunized and then challenged with tetanus toxin in lethal or non-lethal way. In the context of animal welfare, an alternative is desired because the method causes unsustainable distress to animals.

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