Ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale) encapsulated in nanoliposome as innovative antioxidant and antipathogenic smart sustained-release system

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) was loaded into nanoliposome (NLP) for smart release in simulated in-vitro digestion. Optimal conditions for the fabrication of NLp-GEO were determined according to physical stability, size distribution and particle size. Morphological analyses (atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM)) confirmed the results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS). Structural evalu-ation (differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) demonstrated the interaction between GEO and NLP. Additionally, the approximate size and loading capacity of optimized NLp-GEO (100 nm) was 100 nm and 66.24%. NLp-GEO release under oral, gastric, and intestinal conditions showed that over 90% of the nutraceutical was released after exposure to model gastrointestinal conditions. Finally, NLp-GEO structure showed an improved antioxidant, UV stability and reduced cytotoxicity on cell lines (human colon cancer (HT-29) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). As an innovative smart sustained-release system in simulated in-vitro digestion, NLP-GEO would be a potential practical option in the food and pharmaceutical industries.