Strongly enhanced charge density via gradient nano-doping for high performance elastic-material-based triboelectric nanogenerators

For improving charge density and sensitivity at the large strain, a high-performance elastic-material-based triboelectric nanogenerators with the large-strain was developed based on a novel gradient nano-doping strategy, which via gradient electrical field caused by the inhomogeneous concentration field of PTFE nanoparticles in sponge materials, that enabled for self-powered pressure sensing in smart boxing equipment and athletic big data analytics.