Inventions, innovations, and new technologies: Flexible and lightweight thin-film solar PV based on CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si:H

This survey examines new and emerging applications and technology advancements that hold potential for effective use and market expansion of thin-film solar photovoltaics (PV). We review recent inventions and innovations to enhance the distinctive properties and functionalities of thin-film devices for successfully adapting in the emerging applications. Also, we present a brief review of the evolution and status of the three current major thin-film technologies, highlighting some strengths and concerns. Selected notable patents are listed at the end. The objective is to draw attention to the inventions, innovations, and new technologies that thin-film PV could impact, leading to a net-zero carbon future.