Profile of patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in the two largest ophthalmology reference centers in Brazil

Purpose: Information is scarce regarding the comprehensive profile of patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in Brazil. The present study aimed to assess the clinical features of patients with these conditions, followed up in two reference centers in Brazil. Methods: The study included patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, followed up at the Departments of Ophthal- mology at Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo and Universidade de Sao Paulo. Apart from demographic and clinical features, past stressful events related to the first symptoms (triggering event), aggravating factors, sensory tricks, and other amelio- rating factors for the eyelid spasms were assessed.Results: A total of 102 patients were included in this study. Most patients were female (67.7%). Essential blepharospasm was the most frequent movement disorder [51/102 patients (50%)], followed by hemifacial spasm (45%) and Meige's syndrome (5%). In 63.5% of the patients, the onset of the disorder was associated with a past stressful event. Ameliorating factors were reported by 76.5% of patients; 47% of patients reported sensory tricks. In addition, 87% of the patients reported the presence of an aggravating factor for the spasms; stress (51%) was the most frequent. Conclusion: Our study provides infor- mation regarding the clinical features of patients treated in the two largest ophthalmology reference centers in Brazil.