Tank color influences the response of tomato clownfish ( Amphiprion frenatus ) to an acute stress challenge

The trade of aquarium organisms is growing worldwide. This market depends on a continuous supply of healthy and colorful aquatic animals, but this sector has few initiatives. However, in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in researching captive breeding of these animals, aiming to develop a more sustainable aquarium hobby. Larviculture is an important phase in the cultivation process because the larvae are more sensitive to stress and variations in the bulk of variables, such as temperature, salinity, nutritional management, light intensity and spectrum, and environmental background colors. Because background color could be a promoter variable of proper welfare, we tested whether it affects the endocrine response of tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus larvae to an acute stress challenge. We show that background color influences the endocrine stress axis responsiveness in tomato clownfish. When fish were subjected to a standard acute stressor of 61 days after hatching, only fish adapted to white walls increased the whole-body cortisol levels. From the results presented herein, we recommend that white tanks be avoided for A. frenatus larviculture. Both, the less stress level and the good welfare condition of larvae reared in colored tanks may have robust, practical applications since almost all clownfish in the ornamental aquarium trade come from captive breeding.