[Exploring for the Development of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy].

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become common anti-cancer drugs, and CD19-targeted CAR-T therapies for B-cell malignant hematological diseases are becoming popular in Japan. Accompanied with such innovative progress in immunotherapy, understanding of anti-tumor immune responses have been further accelerated, and clinical trials aiming for the development of cancer immunotherapy targeting solid tumors are becoming increasingly active. Among of them, the development of"personalized cancer immunotherapy"using tumor-reactive T cells/TCRs that specifically recognize mutant antigens, or those mutant antigens has made great progress. In fact, innovative treatments for solid tumors are on the horizon. In this article, I would like to outline the background of expectations, efforts, challenges, and prospects for "personalized cancer immunotherapy".