3D T1rho sequences with FASE, UTE, and MAPSS acquisitions for knee evaluation

Purpose For biochemical evaluation of soft tissues of the knee, T1rho magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed. Purpose of this study was to compare three T1rho sequences based on fast advanced spin echo (FASE), ultrashort echo time (UTE), and magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (MAPSS) acquisitions for the knee evaluation. Materials and methods We developed two T1rho sequences using 3D FASE or 3D radial UTE acquisitions. 3D MAPSS T1rho was provided by the manufacturer. Agarose phantoms with varying concentrations were imaged. Additionally, bilateral knees of asymptomatic subjects were imaged sagittally. T1rho values of the phantoms and 4 regions of interest (ROI) of the knees (i.e., anterior and posterior meniscus, femoral and tibial cartilage) were determined. Results In phantoms, all T1rho values monotonically decreased with increasing agarose concentration. 3D MAPSS T1rho values of 51, 34, and 38 ms were found for 2, 3, and 4% agarose, respectively, similar to published values on another platform. In the knee, the raw images were detailed with good contrast. Cartilage and meniscus T1rho values varied with the pulse sequence, being the lowest in the 3D UTE T1rho sequence. Comparing different ROIs, menisci generally had lower T1rho values compared to cartilage, as expected in healthy knees. Conclusion We have successfully developed and implemented the new T1rho sequences and validated them using agarose phantoms and volunteer knees. All sequences were optimized to be clinically feasible (~ 5 min or less) and yielded satisfactory image quality and T1rho values consistent with the literature.