Enzymatic reaction modulated DNA assembly on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for sensitive fluorescence detection of acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibition

A novel fluorescent strategy has been developed by using an enzymatic reaction modulated DNA assembly on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) for the detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and its inhibitors. The two-dimensional and ultrathin-layer CNNS-material was successfully synthesized through a chemical oxidation and ultrasound exfoliation method. Because of its excellent adsorption selectivity to ssDNA over dsDNA and superior quenching ability toward the fluorophore labels, CNNS were employed to construct a sensitive fluorescence sensing platform for the detection of AChE activity and inhibition. The detection was based on enzymatic reaction modulated DNA assembly on CNNS, which involved the specific AChE-catalyzed reaction-mediated DNA/Hg 2+ conformational change and subsequent signal transduction and amplification via hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Under the excitation at 485 nm, the fluorescence signal from 500 to 650 nm ( λ max = 518 nm) of the developed sensing system was gradually increased with increasing concentration of AChE. The quantitative determination range of AChE is from 0.02 to 1 mU/mL and the detection limit was 0.006 mU/mL. The developed strategy was successfully applied to the assay of AChE in human serum samples, and can also be used to effectively screen AChE inhibitors, showing great promise providing a robust and effective platform for AChE-related diagnosis, drug screening, and therapy. Graphical Abstract