Differential diagnosis in the future.

ChatGPT has been available to the public since December 2022.1 As of this writing, its 4th iteration (Generative Pre-trained Transformer [GPT-4])2 was made available in March 2023 and this artificial intelligence (AI) has already “evolved”. As just one example, the current version has the ability to devise rational and mostly reasonable differential diagnoses and also suggest likely diagnoses based on a constellation of signs and symptoms with and without inclusion of laboratory findings (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3); this is much more sophisticated than what the original version was capable of doing with similar search terms. Not all of the listed ChatGPT-generated diagnoses were reasonable. Nonetheless, recognizing that this AI platform is still in its relative infancy, its ability to produce even this level of rationale output is remarkable. AI is unambiguously going to help in the diagnosis of disease and aid in clinical decision-making, but the opportunities and challenges AI will bring to healthcare remain to be determined. Similarly, ChatGPT has also taken academia by storm and many institutions, including my own, have been trying to navigate and predict the opportunities and challenges AI will bring to higher education, including dental education. Figure 2. View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image Figure 3. View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image