Evaluation of dentinal tubule occlusion and pulp tissue response after using 980-nm diode laser for dentin hypersensitivity treatment

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of the 980-nm diode laser for dentinal tubule occlusion, measure the intrapulpal temperature, and investigate the dental pulp response. Materials and methods The dentinal samples were randomly divided into G1–G7 groups: control; 980-nm laser irradiation (0.5 W, 10 s; 0.5 W, 10 s × 2; 0.8 W, 10 s; 0.8 W, 10 s × 2; 1.0 W, 10 s; 1.0 W, 10 s × 2). The dentin discs were applied for laser irradiation and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intrapulpal temperature was measured on the 1.0-mm and 2.0-mm thickness samples, and then divided into G2–G7 groups according to laser irradiation. Moreover, forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the laser-irradiated group (euthanized at 1, 7, and 14 days after irradiation) and the control group (non-irradiated). qRT-PCR, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry analysis were employed to evaluate the response of dental pulp. Results SEM indicated the occluding ratio of dentinal tubules in the G5 (0.8 W, 10 s × 2) and G7 (1.0 W, 10 s × 2) were significantly higher than the other groups ( p < 0.05). The maximum intrapulpal temperature rises in the G5 were lower than the standard line (5.5 ℃). qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of TNF-α and HSP-70 upregulated significantly at 1 day ( p < 0.05). Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the inflammatory reaction was slightly higher at the 1 and 7 days ( p < 0.05) and decreased to the normal levels at 14 days ( p > 0.05). Conclusions A 980-nm laser at a power of 0.8 W with 10 s × 2 defines the best treatment for dentin hypersensitivity in terms of compromise between the efficacy of the treatment and the safety of the pulp. Clinical relevance The 980-nm laser is an effective option for treating dentin sensitivity. However, we need to ensure the safety of the pulp during laser irradiation.