Determinants and outcomes of low birth weight among newborns at a tertiary hospital in Zambia: A retrospective cohort study.

Context:Newborns' low birth weight (LBW) has been linked to early infant morbidity and mortality. However, our understanding of the determinants and outcomes of LBW in this population is still poor. Aim:This study aimed to assess determinants and outcomes of LBW among newborns at a tertiary hospital. Settings and Design:Retrospective cohort study at Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka Zambia. Subjects and Methods:We reviewed delivery case records and neonatal files between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2019, for newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Statistical Analysis Used:Logistic regression models were used to establish determinants of LBW and describe the outcomes. Results:Women living with human immunodeficiency virus infection were more likely to deliver LBW infants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.86). Other maternal determinants of LBW were; increased parity (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.43), preeclampsia (AOR = 6.91; 95% CI: 1.48-32.36), and gestational age <37 weeks compared to 37 weeks or more (AOR = 24.83; 95% CI: 13.27-46.44). LBW neonates were at higher odds of early mortality (AOR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.85-2.52), developing respiratory distress syndrome (AOR = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.53-3.47), and necrotizing enterocolitis (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.16-2.38) than neonates with a birth weight of 2500 g or more. Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of effective maternal and neonatal interventions to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality for neonates with LBW in Zambia and other similar settings.